What are the two types of load restraints?

Load restraints divide into direct restraint and indirect restraint. Direct restraint uses force-fit equipment — straps, chains, and lashing — that attaches to the cargo and holds it against the vehicle structure through applied tension. Indirect restraint uses friction and form-fit methods — anti-slip matting, dunnage bags, and load bars — that prevent movement without direct attachment to the cargo. Standard pallet freight loads on European road vehicles use both types simultaneously.

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What Is Load Securing in Freight Transport?