What makes dangerous goods different from standard cargo on a road freight movement?

Standard general cargo requires the CMR consignment note, commercial invoice, and packing list. Dangerous goods under ADR require four additional elements: a UN number identifying the specific substance, an ADR Safety Data Sheet, a packaging group classification (I, II, or III), and the correct ADR hazard label on the outer packaging. The carrier must hold ADR vehicle certification and the driver must hold a valid ADR training certificate. Moving ADR-classified goods on an uncertified general cargo carrier is a regulatory violation detectable at any roadside ADR inspection point in the EU.